India Hosts 21 of World’s 121 Bio-Companies | UPSC Current Affairs 2025

India has emerged as a global biotechnology hub, with 21 of the world’s top 121 bio-companies now headquartered in the country. This reflects India’s rising stature in the fields of biopharma, bio-agriculture, bio-services, and bio-industrial technologies. With strong government support, India is poised to become a key player in the global bio-economy, valued at over $150 billion in 2025.

Key Highlights

• Global Ranking: India accounts for nearly 18% of the world’s leading bio-companies.
• Sectors Covered: Bio-pharmaceuticals, vaccine production, biosimilars, agricultural biotechnology, and genetic research.
• Major Indian Players: Biocon, Serum Institute of India, Bharat Biotech, Panacea Biotech, Zydus Cadila, and others.
• Global Recognition: India’s affordable vaccine production and strong R&D capabilities contributed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Why This Matters for India

1. Vaccine Capital of the World – India supplies 60% of global vaccines, led by Serum Institute of India.
2. Economic Growth – Bio-economy contributes over $150 billion, with a target of $300 billion by 2030.
3. Employment Generation – Biotechnology sector provides jobs in research, pharma, and bio-agriculture.
4. Global Partnerships – Collaborations with WHO, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and international pharma firms.
5. Policy Support – Initiatives like Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) and National Biopharma Mission.

Relevance for UPSC

• GS Paper II (Governance & Health): Role of biotechnology in public health and international cooperation.
• GS Paper III (Science & Tech, Economy): Growth of bio-economy, indigenous innovation, Make in India in biotech.
• Essay/Interview: India’s biotechnology revolution and its role in sustainable development.

Way Forward

• Increase public-private partnerships in biotech R&D.
• Focus on bio-agriculture for food security and climate resilience.
• Promote startups and innovation ecosystems under Startup India.
• Expand global outreach through bio-diplomacy and vaccine diplomacy.

Practice Question for UPSC

Q. India is home to 21 of the world’s top bio-companies. Discuss how this strengthens India’s bio-economy and contributes to global health and innovation. (250 words)