Heatwave Conditions Worsen in Eastern India amid Monsoon Delay

Context:
A severe heatwave alert has been issued for Odisha, West Bengal, and Jharkhand, with temperatures soaring up to 47°C in some districts. The situation is aggravated by the delay in the southwest monsoon and persistent dry conditions.

Key Details

• The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast extreme heatwave conditions persisting across eastern and central India for the next few days.
• Odisha, West Bengal, and Jharkhand are the worst-affected states, with local governments issuing public health advisories.
• The region is witnessing high nighttime temperatures as well, worsening thermal discomfort and increasing health risks.

Causes of the Heatwave

• Delayed onset of southwest monsoon, which typically reaches eastern India by mid-June.
• Atmospheric subsidence and clear skies leading to rapid ground heating.
• Dry continental winds from northwest India and the absence of rainfall.

Impact

• Agriculture: Heat stress on standing crops and soil moisture depletion; delayed sowing of Kharif crops like paddy.
• Public Health: Increased incidence of heatstroke, dehydration, and mortality among vulnerable groups.
• Power Demand: Surge in electricity consumption due to higher use of air conditioning and water pumping, leading to grid pressure.
• Education and Labour: State governments may reschedule school timings and restrict outdoor labour during peak hours.

Government Response

• Local administrations in affected states have issued heatwave action plans and advisories under the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.
• Emergency health services have been activated, and cooling centres and water stations have been deployed in urban areas.

Relevance for UPSC

Prelims:

• IMD classification of heatwaves
• NDMA guidelines for extreme heat
• Monsoon onset patterns and effects

Mains (GS Paper 1 & 3):

• Climatic anomalies and urban heat island effect
• Disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation
• Agriculture vulnerability and food security
• Health infrastructure preparedness

Sample MCQ

Q. Which of the following factors have contributed to the recent heatwave in eastern India (June 2025)?

1. Delayed southwest monsoon
2. Dry northwesterly winds
3. Frequent cyclonic disturbances
4. Clear skies and low humidity

Select the correct answer using the codes below:
A. 1, 2 and 4 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: A

Explanation:
The heatwave is due to a delayed monsoon, dry northwesterlies, and clear skies. Cyclonic disturbances are not a contributing factor in this case.